A defect report, also known as a bug report, is one of the critical deliverables in software testing. The end is achieved through such a report by conveying the problems or defects encountered during the testing process by the testing organization to the developers and other interested parties for solving the defects in good time before product delivery of the software. Therefore, the need for the creation of a precise, comprehensive, and correct defect report is necessary to ensure that bugs are tackled efficiently.
In this blog, we run through the critical elements of a good defect report and some tips on how to make it more effective.
A defect report is a document that outlines a problem or inconsistency in the software that deviates from expected behavior. The goal of a defect report is to explain the problem in enough detail that developers can understand, reproduce, and fix the issue.
Good defect reports save time by clearly communicating the problem. Poorly written reports, on the other hand, can lead to confusion, delays, and rework.
A well-written defect report ensures:
To write a good defect report, include the following key elements:
The title should give a brief summary of the defect. It should be concise but descriptive enough for developers to understand the issue at a glance.
Example: “Login button unresponsive on mobile after entering invalid credentials.”
Every defect needs a unique identifier (ID). This allows teams to track the defect easily throughout the bug life cycle.
Example: Bug ID: #1234
Specify the environment where the defect was found. This includes details like the platform (Windows, macOS, Android), browser (Chrome, Firefox), and version of the software.
Example: “Tested on Android 11, Chrome version 94.0, App version 2.3.1.”
Example: Severity: Major, Priority: High
Provide a detailed explanation of the defect. This should include what is happening, what should happen, and why it's considered a defect.
Example: “When a user enters incorrect login credentials and clicks the 'Login' button on the mobile app, the button becomes unresponsive, and no error message is shown. The expected behavior is for the system to display an error message without freezing the login button.”
This is one of the most important parts of a defect report. Write clear, step-by-step instructions so developers can replicate the issue.
Example:
Clearly state what should have happened if the defect didn’t exist.
Example: “The system should display an error message such as ‘Invalid username or password’ and allow the user to try logging in again.”
Describe what actually happens when the bug occurs.
Example: “The 'Login' button becomes unresponsive after clicking it, and no error message is displayed.”
Include screenshots, logs, or video recordings to support your defect report. Visual proof often makes it easier for developers to understand the issue.
Example: Attach a screenshot showing the unresponsive button or a video capturing the steps to reproduce the bug.
If relevant, provide any extra details that may help developers diagnose or understand the defect. This might include:
Example: “Occurs every time on Android, but not reproducible on iOS.”
Example of a Good Defect Report
Title: "Search Function Not Returning Results on Product Page in Firefox"
A good defect report helps in effective communication among the testers and developers. Once written clearly, a defect report ensures that a bug is understood, reproduced, and finally fixed in less time than would have been required with an ambiguous report to meet the quality of the software. You are making a big contribution to the efficiency of the testing and development process by including clear titles, step-by-step details for reproducing, expected and actual results, and attachments relevant to the findings. Keep practicing these skills, and soon writing defect reports will become second nature!
Effective defect reporting goes hand in hand with other testing practices. Familiarizing yourself with types of automation testing and writing effective test cases can significantly improve your defect reporting skills.
If you're struggling with defect reporting or need assistance in improving your software testing processes, F22 Labs can help. Our comprehensive Software Quality Assurance Services ensure your software meets the highest standards of quality and reliability. Contact us now!
Dedicated QA professional focused on software quality and keen attention to detail. Skilled in executing test cases, identifying Test Scenarios, defects, and collaborating with development teams.