Transformers vs vLLM vs SGLang: Comparison Guide

These are three of the most popular tools for running AI language models today. Each one offers different strengths when it comes to setup, speed, memory use, and flexibility.

In this guide, we’ll break down what each tool does, how to get started with them, and when you might want to use one over the other. Even if you're new to AI, you'll walk away with a clear understanding of which option makes the most sense for your needs, whether you're building an app, speeding up model inference, or creating smarter workflows.

Let’s dive in.

What are Transformers?

Transformers is an open-source library developed by Hugging Face that makes it easy to use powerful AI models for tasks like text generation, translation, question answering, and even working with images and audio. It provides access to thousands of pre-trained models that you can use with just a few lines of code. 

Whether you're a beginner or an experienced developer, Transformers helps you build and test AI applications quickly without needing deep knowledge of how the models work under the hood.

How to Set Up and Use Transformers?

Step 1: To get started with Transformers, you just need Python and a few commands. First, install the library using pip:

pip install transformers accelerate

Step 2: Once installed, you can load and run a TinyLlama model like this:

import torch
from transformers import pipeline

pipe = pipeline("text-generation", model="TinyLlama/TinyLlama-1.1B-Chat-v1.0", torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16, device_map="auto")

messages = [
    {
        "role": "system",
        "content": "You are a friendly chatbot who always responds in the style of a pirate",
    },
    {"role": "user", "content": "what is llm?"},
]
prompt = pipe.tokenizer.apply_chat_template(messages, tokenize=False, add_generation_prompt=True)
outputs = pipe(prompt)
print(outputs[0]["generated_text"].replace(prompt, "").strip())

This runs the TinyLlama model locally and prints the generated response. It works on most modern machines, especially if you have a GPU.

Serving with Transformers

Besides running models locally in scripts, Transformers also lets you serve models as an API using the built-in transformers CLI. This is useful if you want to send prompts to the model from a web app or another service.

You can serve a model like TinyLlama using the following command:

transformers serve --model TinyLlama/TinyLlama-1.1B-Chat-v1.0

Once the server is running, it exposes a local API (by default at http://localhost:8000) that follows the OpenAI chat API format. This means you can send chat-style messages to it using simple HTTP requests. Here’s how to do it in Python:

import requests

# API endpoint
url = "http://localhost:8000/v1/chat/completions"

# Input message in OpenAI format
payload = {
    "model": "TinyLlama/TinyLlama-1.1B-Chat-v1.0",
    "messages": [
        {"role": "user", "content": "What is the capital of France?"}
    ]
}

# Send request
response = requests.post(url, json=payload)

# Print the response
print(response.json()["choices"][0]["message"]["content"])

Suggested Reads- What is Hugging Face and How to Use It?

What is vLLM?

vLLM is a high-performance engine for serving large language models quickly and efficiently. It’s designed to reduce memory usage and improve speed, making it ideal for real-time chat and multi-user applications. vLLM supports popular models like LLaMA, Mistral, and TinyLlama, and even works with vision-language models. It’s a great choice when you need fast and scalable model serving.

How to Set Up and Use vLLM?

Step 1: To get started with vLLM, first install it using pip:

pip install vllm

Step 2: Once installed, you can load and run a TinyLlama mode on vllm like this:

from vllm import LLM, SamplingParams

# Load model
llm = LLM(model="TinyLlama/TinyLlama-1.1B-Chat-v1.0")

# Input prompt (chat-style)
user_input = "What is LLM?"
prompt = f"<|user|>\n{user_input}<|end|>\n<|assistant|>\n"

# Generate
outputs = llm.generate(prompt)
reply = outputs[0].outputs[0].text.strip()

# Print output
print(reply)

This code uses vLLM directly in Python to run the TinyLlama model efficiently without needing to start a separate API server.

Serving with vLLM

vLLM is not only useful for running models in scripts it also lets you serve them as a high-performance API with support for OpenAI’s chat format. This is helpful when building apps that need to send prompts to the model over HTTP.

You can serve a model like TinyLlama using this command:

vllm serve TinyLlama/TinyLlama-1.1B-Chat-v1.0 --dtype auto --api-key token-abc123

The server will be available at http://localhost:8000/v1 by default.

Use the OpenAI SDK with vLLM

vLLM supports the OpenAI API format, so you can use the official OpenAI Python client like this:

from openai import OpenAI
client = OpenAI(
    base_url="http://localhost:8000/v1",  # Make sure it's http, not https
    api_key="token-abc123",               # Same key as used in vllm serve
)
completion = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="TinyLlama/TinyLlama-1.1B-Chat-v1.0",
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "Hello!"}]
)
print(completion.choices[0].message)

What is SGLang?

SGLang is a tool that helps you build smart chat systems using AI models. It lets you write simple Python code to control how the model responds, making it easier to create custom assistants or workflows. SGLang runs on top of vLLM, so it’s fast and efficient. It’s a great choice when you want more control over how your AI behaves.

How to Set Up and Use SGLang?

Step 1: To get started with SGLang, install it along with vLLM using pip:

pip install "sglang[all]>=0.4.9.post3"

Step 2: Once installed, you can load and run a TinyLlama mode on SGLang like this:

from sglang.test.test_utils import is_in_ci
from sglang.utils import wait_for_server, print_highlight, terminate_process

if is_in_ci():
    from patch import launch_server_cmd
else:
    from sglang.utils import launch_server_cmd

# This is equivalent to running the following command in your terminal

# python3 -m sglang.launch_server --model-path qwen/qwen2.5-0.5b-instruct --host 0.0.0.0

server_process, port = launch_server_cmd(
    """
python3 -m sglang.launch_server --model-path qwen/qwen2.5-0.5b-instruct \
 --host 0.0.0.0
"""
)
wait_for_server(f"http://localhost:{port}")

This code runs the TinyLlama model using SGLang, allowing you to define chat behavior with simple Python code with no extra setup required.

Serving with SGLang

SGLang lets you serve language models with extra flexibility, allowing you to define how the model responds through simple Python functions. It also supports OpenAI-style API calls, making integration with apps and tools straightforward.

To serve a model like TinyLlama, run:

python3 -m sglang.launch_server --model-path TinyLlama/TinyLlama-1.1B-Chat-v1.0 --host 0.0.0.0 --port 3000

Once running, the server is ready to receive chat requests and can be customized for advanced features like tool use, memory, and function calling.

Use the OpenAI SDK with vLLM

vLLM supports the OpenAI API format, so you can use the official OpenAI Python client like this:

import openai

client = openai.Client(base_url=f"https://9654207c14a2.ngrok-free.app/v1", api_key="None")

response = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="TinyLlama/TinyLlama-1.1B-Chat-v1.0",
    messages=[
        {"role": "user", "content": "What is LLM?."},
    ],
    temperature=0,
    max_tokens=64,
)
print(response.choices[0].message.content)

Performance Comparison Between Transformers vs vLLM vs SGLang

To truly understand how Transformers, vLLM, and SGLang perform, we ran a simple test using the same prompt: “What is LLM?”

This test was done using the TinyLlama model on a system with 15 GB of available GPU memory. We measured two things:

• How much GPU memory (VRAM) each tool used
• How fast they responded (latency)

Here’s a breakdown of the results:

Here’s a breakdown of the results:

Feature Comparison of Transformers vs vLLM vs SGLang

What do these numbers tell us?

• Transformers is like compact cars; they don't use much fuel (memory), but it takes longer to reach the destination (response).
• vLLM is like a sports car. It goes fast, but it uses a lot of fuel (GPU).
• SGLang is like a tuned-up version of that sports car just as fast, and even slightly more efficient in memory use.

In practical terms:

• If you're just exploring or running on a machine with limited GPU, Transformers might be the safer choice.
• If you need speed and are okay using more GPU, vLLM is a strong option.
• If you want both speed and more control/customization, SGLang stands out with the fastest response time in this test.

This hands-on test makes it clear how each tool behaves under the same conditions, helping you choose based on what matters most to you: memory usage, speed, or control.

Conclusion

Each tool, Transformers, vLLM, and SGLang, has its own purpose and strengths depending on what you're trying to achieve. 

Transformers is best suited for beginners or lightweight applications thanks to its minimal GPU usage and ease of use.vLLM delivers much faster responses by utilizing more GPU memory, making it a great fit for high-performance, real-time tasks.SGLang builds on top of vLLM and offers even faster results, along with added flexibility for customizing AI behavior through simple Python functions.

Whether you're experimenting, deploying, or building complex systems, understanding these differences will help you choose the right tool for your needs, based on what matters most: speed, memory efficiency, or control, and if you’re exploring other protocols for model serving, you can also read about STDIO transport in MCP to see how similar systems handle transport and integration.